Abstract
Flavopiridol analogues, thio- and oxoflavopiridols which contain a sulfur (16) or oxygen (18) atom linker between a chromone ring and the hydrophobic side chain, are selective cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) inhibitors with an IC(50) of 110 and 130 nM. These analogues were prepared from key intermediate 7 by substituting the ethyl sulfoxide. Enantio pure intermediate piperidone 10 was obtained from the racemic piperidone 8 via a very efficient "dynamic kinetic resolution" in 76% yield. Hydrophobic side chains such as chlorophenyl or tert-butyl produced potent CDK1 inhibitory activity, while hydrophilic side chains such as pyrimidine or aniline caused a severe reduction in CDK inhibitory activity. These analogues are competitive inhibitors with respect to ATP, and therefore activity was dependent upon the CDK subunit without being affected by the cyclin subunit or protein substrate. Thio- and oxoflavopiridols 16 and 18 are not only selective within the CDK family but also discriminated between unrelated serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. CDK1 selective thio- and oxoflavopiridol analogues inhibit the colony-forming ability of multiple human tumor cell lines and possess a unique antiproliferative profile in comparison to flavopiridol.
MeSH terms
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Binding Sites
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CDC2 Protein Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors*
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CDC2-CDC28 Kinases*
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Chromones / chemical synthesis*
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Chromones / chemistry
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Chromones / pharmacology
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Crystallography, X-Ray
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Cyclin B / antagonists & inhibitors
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Cyclin B1
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Cyclin D1 / antagonists & inhibitors
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Cyclin E / antagonists & inhibitors
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis*
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Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Flavonoids / chemical synthesis*
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Flavonoids / chemistry
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Flavonoids / pharmacology
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Humans
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Models, Molecular
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Piperidines / chemical synthesis*
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Piperidines / chemistry
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Piperidines / pharmacology
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins*
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Stereoisomerism
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Tumor Stem Cell Assay
Substances
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2-((2-chlorophenyl)thio)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
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2-(2-chlorophenoxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
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Antineoplastic Agents
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CCNB1 protein, human
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Chromones
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Cyclin B
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Cyclin B1
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Cyclin E
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Flavonoids
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Piperidines
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Cyclin D1
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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CDC2 Protein Kinase
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CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
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CDK2 protein, human
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CDK4 protein, human
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinases