Design, synthesis, and activity of a series of pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid-based, highly specific, orally active ET(B) antagonists containing a diphenylmethylamine acetamide side chain

J Med Chem. 1999 Sep 9;42(18):3679-89. doi: 10.1021/jm990171i.

Abstract

The endothelin (ET)-B receptor subtype is expressed on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and mediates both vasodilation and vasoconstriction. On the basis of the pharmacophore of the previously reported ET(A)-specific antagonist 1, (ABT-627), we are reporting the discovery of a novel series of highly specific, orally active ET(B) receptor antagonists. Replacing the dibutylaminoacetamide group of 1 with a diphenylmethylaminoacetamide group resulted in antagonist 2 with a complete reversal of receptor specificity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that ortho-alkylation of the phenyl rings could further increase ET(B) affinity and also boost the ET(A)/ET(B) activity ratio of the resulting antagonists. A similar antagonism selectivity profile could also be achieved when one of the phenyl rings of the acetamide side chain was replaced with an alkyl group, preferably a tert-butyl group (10h). Combining these features with modification of the 2-aryl group of the pyrrolidine core, we have identified a potent antagonist (9k, A-308165) with over 27 000-fold selectivity favoring the ET(B) receptor and an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile (F = 24%) in rats.

MeSH terms

  • Acetamides / chemical synthesis*
  • Acetamides / pharmacology
  • Administration, Oral
  • Atrasentan
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Endothelin Receptor Antagonists*
  • Humans
  • Methylamines / chemical synthesis*
  • Methylamines / pharmacology
  • Proline / analogs & derivatives*
  • Proline / chemical synthesis
  • Proline / pharmacology
  • Pyrrolidines / chemical synthesis*
  • Pyrrolidines / pharmacology
  • Receptor, Endothelin A
  • Receptor, Endothelin B
  • Receptors, Endothelin / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • A 308165
  • Acetamides
  • Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
  • Methylamines
  • Pyrrolidines
  • Receptor, Endothelin A
  • Receptor, Endothelin B
  • Receptors, Endothelin
  • Proline
  • Atrasentan