Introduction of lipoamino acid (LAA), Lys-palmitoyl, and cationization into a series of galanin analogues yielded systemically active anticonvulsant compounds. To study the relationship between the LAA structure and anticonvulsant activity, orthogonally protected LAAs were synthesized in which the Lys side chain was coupled to fatty acids varying in length from C(8) to C(18) or was coupled to a monodispersed polyethylene glycol, PEG(4). Galanin receptor affinity, serum stability, lipophilicity (log D), and activity in the 6 Hz mouse model of epilepsy of each of the newly synthesized analogues were determined following systemic administration. The presence of various LAAs or Lys(MPEG(4)) did not affect the receptor binding properties of the modified peptides, but their anticonvulsant activities varied substantially and were generally correlated with their lipophilicity. Our results suggest that varying the length or polarity of the LAA residue adjacent to positively charged amino acid residues may effectively modulate the antiepileptic activity of the galanin analogues.